I finished reading The Cleanest Race: How North Koreans See Themselves and Why It Matters several days ago and have had a persistent question in my head: from whence does the metaphor of the "Long March" come from? It appears to be largely a new origin myth unique to the Far East but not exclusive to it.
In a way, this is much like the idea of a pilgrimage or haj, after which rebirth is said to follow. Hikers expect this today as they make their way on the Appalachian trail or along shorter routes - a sense of a new identity follows from the completion of the journey.
Far East -
Mao Zedong's Long March of 1934 & 1935. Historical analysis shows it to be largely a work of political fiction.
Kim Song-il - Between 1936 and 1939 he formed the Association for the Restoration of the Fatherland, published its Ten Point Programme, won the Battle of Pochonbo, and made the 'Arduous March' from Nanpaitzu to Changpai. This is also known to be a work of political fiction.
Kim Jong-il's regime characterized the period of famine and economic decline in the mid-1990s as the "Arduous March".
In the West -
The actions of the Continential Army retreating to Valley Forge Could be seen as a similar formative myth.
The heroic march of Patton's 3rd Army to Bastogne to reinforce the 101st Airborne Division in less than a few days.
In the Bible -
The departure of Adam and Eve from paradise.
Abraham's departure from his homeland because God tells him to leave.
There were many times that the people of Israel went to Egypt to escape (including upon the birth of Jesus).
Moses lead his people into the desert for 40 years (which loosely means "long enough") before they could enter the holy lands.
Muslims -
Muhammad was said to have made his Night Flight to Medina.
Archetype - however, the question still arises, from whence does this archetype arise? Many elements of the monomyth are encapsulated in the pilgrimage, especially the "Long March"-esque, which suffered many deaths, transformed the people, uniting them and leading to their eventual transcendence over the greater, prideful, foe who did not suffer the indignities the hero had to tolerate. Maybe it is just that melding of several elements of the monomyth that makes it so powerful to the identifying audience.
In a way, this is much like the idea of a pilgrimage or haj, after which rebirth is said to follow. Hikers expect this today as they make their way on the Appalachian trail or along shorter routes - a sense of a new identity follows from the completion of the journey.
Far East -
Mao Zedong's Long March of 1934 & 1935. Historical analysis shows it to be largely a work of political fiction.
Kim Song-il - Between 1936 and 1939 he formed the Association for the Restoration of the Fatherland, published its Ten Point Programme, won the Battle of Pochonbo, and made the 'Arduous March' from Nanpaitzu to Changpai. This is also known to be a work of political fiction.
Kim Jong-il's regime characterized the period of famine and economic decline in the mid-1990s as the "Arduous March".
In the West -
The actions of the Continential Army retreating to Valley Forge Could be seen as a similar formative myth.
The heroic march of Patton's 3rd Army to Bastogne to reinforce the 101st Airborne Division in less than a few days.
In the Bible -
The departure of Adam and Eve from paradise.
Abraham's departure from his homeland because God tells him to leave.
There were many times that the people of Israel went to Egypt to escape (including upon the birth of Jesus).
Moses lead his people into the desert for 40 years (which loosely means "long enough") before they could enter the holy lands.
Muslims -
Muhammad was said to have made his Night Flight to Medina.
Archetype - however, the question still arises, from whence does this archetype arise? Many elements of the monomyth are encapsulated in the pilgrimage, especially the "Long March"-esque, which suffered many deaths, transformed the people, uniting them and leading to their eventual transcendence over the greater, prideful, foe who did not suffer the indignities the hero had to tolerate. Maybe it is just that melding of several elements of the monomyth that makes it so powerful to the identifying audience.

